Uso de precauciones estándar durante la atención de pacientes en un programa de especialización

Alejandra Fuenzalida; Valetina Díaz Isla; Andrea Patricia Dezerega Piwonka; Montserrat Mercado Vivallos; Mauricio Toro; Alain Manuel Chaple Gil; Eduardo Fernández

Uso de precauciones estándar durante la atención de pacientes en un programa de especialización

Alejandra Fuenzalida, Valetina Díaz Isla, Andrea Patricia Dezerega Piwonka, Montserrat Mercado Vivallos, Mauricio Toro, Alain Manuel Chaple Gil, Eduardo Fernández

Producción científica: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

1 Cita (Scopus)

Resumen

Introducción:
Con el aumento de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas durante la atención en salud, la aplicación de normas de bioseguridad es fundamental para evitar contaminación cruzada. Los estudiantes de programas de Especialización Profesional durante la atención de pacientes deben cumplir una serie de normas denominadas precauciones estándar.
Objetivo:
Determinar el grado de uso de las precauciones estándar por estudiantes de un programa de especialización durante la atención de pacientes. Materiales y
métodos:
Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 15 estudiantes del Programa de Especialización Profesional en Endodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, divididos en dos grupos, diurno (8-17 h) y vespertino (18-22 h), que firmaron un consentimiento informado para participar. Fueron evaluados en 4 dimensiones "lavado de manos", "barreras de protección" (guantes, mascarilla, gorro, lentes protectores, pechera), "control de riesgos de accidentes cortopunzantes y salpicaduras", y "manejo de materiales y superficies". Se estableció un 60 por ciento para determinar cumplimiento mínimo de la norma comparando ambos grupos.
Resultados:
En el lavado de manos ambos grupos no alcanzaron el cumplimiento mínimo de la norma, con un promedio de 12 por ciento. Para "barreras de protección" ambos grupos lograron el cumplimiento mínimo, con un promedio de 63 por ciento. En "control de riesgos de accidentes cortopunzantes y salpicaduras" y "manejo de superficies", ninguno de los grupos alcanzó el cumplimiento mínimo en estas dimensiones, con un porcentaje de cumplimiento de 50 % y 43 por ciento respectivamente.
Conclusiones:
La mayoría de los estudiantes del Programa de Especialización Profesional en Endodoncia no aplican correctamente todas las precauciones estándar durante la atención. Es necesario reforzar en los estudiantes los contenidos relacionados con la bioseguridad y aumentar la supervisión y exigencia en su cumplimiento por parte de los docentes.

Título traducido de la contribución	Application of standard precautions during patient care in a specialization program
Idioma original	Español
Número de artículo	e3988
Páginas (desde-hasta)	1-7
Número de páginas	7
Publicación	Revista Cubana de Estomatologia
Volumen	59
N.º	2
Estado	Publicada - abr. 2022

Palabras clave

contención de riesgos biológicos
desinfección
control de enfermedades transmisibles
equipos de seguridad
gestión de riesgos
protección
riesgo
transmisión de enfermedad infecciosa

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@article{aebdfa4894c1433f883a8a6e2c64e0ba,

title = "Uso de precauciones est{\'a}ndar durante la atenci{\'o}n de pacientes en un programa de especializaci{\'o}n",

abstract = "Introduction: With the increase in infectious diseases during health care, the application of biosecurity standards is essential to avoid cross-contamination. Students in Professional Specialization programs must adhere to a set of standards called standard precautions during patient care. Objective: Determine the degree of application of standard precautions by students of a specialization program during patient care. Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted. The sample size was 15 students from the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile, divided into two groups, day (8-17 h) and evening (18-22 h), who signed an informed consent to participate. They were evaluated in 4 dimensions: “hand was-hing”, “protective barriers” (gloves, mask, hat, protective lenses, breastplate), “risks control of sharp accidents and splashes”, and “handling of materials and surfaces”. A 60% was established to determine minimum compliance with the standard by comparing both groups. Results: In handwashing, both groups did not reach the minimum compliance with the standard, with an average of 12%. For “protective barriers” both groups achieved minimum compliance, with an average of 63%. In “risk control of sharp accidents and splashes” and “surface handling”, none of the groups reached the minimum compliance in these dimensions, with a compliance percentage of 50% and 43% respectively. Conclusions: Most students in the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics do not correctly apply all standard precautions during care. It is necessary to reinforce in the students the contents related to biosecurity and to increase the supervision and demand in its fulfillment by the teachers. ",

keywords = "containment of biological risks, disinfection, control of communicable diseases, safety equipment, risk management, protection, risk, transmission of infectious disease, contenci{\'o}n de riesgos biol{\'o}gicos, desinfecci{\'o}n, control de enfermedades transmisibles, equipos de seguridad, gesti{\'o}n de riesgos, protecci{\'o}n, riesgo, transmisi{\'o}n de enfermedad infecciosa",

author = "Alejandra Fuenzalida and Isla, {Valetina D{\'i}az} and {Dezerega Piwonka}, {Andrea Patricia} and Vivallos, {Montserrat Mercado} and Mauricio Toro and {Chaple Gil}, {Alain Manuel} and Eduardo Fern{\'a}ndez",

year = "2022",

month = apr,

language = "Spanish",

volume = "59",

pages = "1--7",

journal = "Revista Cubana de Estomatologia",

issn = "0034-7507",

publisher = "Editorial Ciencias Medicas",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Uso de precauciones estándar durante la atención de pacientes en un programa de especialización

AU - Fuenzalida, Alejandra

AU - Isla, Valetina Díaz

AU - Dezerega Piwonka, Andrea Patricia

AU - Vivallos, Montserrat Mercado

AU - Toro, Mauricio

AU - Chaple Gil, Alain Manuel

AU - Fernández, Eduardo

PY - 2022/4

Y1 - 2022/4

N2 - Introduction: With the increase in infectious diseases during health care, the application of biosecurity standards is essential to avoid cross-contamination. Students in Professional Specialization programs must adhere to a set of standards called standard precautions during patient care. Objective: Determine the degree of application of standard precautions by students of a specialization program during patient care. Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted. The sample size was 15 students from the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile, divided into two groups, day (8-17 h) and evening (18-22 h), who signed an informed consent to participate. They were evaluated in 4 dimensions: “hand was-hing”, “protective barriers” (gloves, mask, hat, protective lenses, breastplate), “risks control of sharp accidents and splashes”, and “handling of materials and surfaces”. A 60% was established to determine minimum compliance with the standard by comparing both groups. Results: In handwashing, both groups did not reach the minimum compliance with the standard, with an average of 12%. For “protective barriers” both groups achieved minimum compliance, with an average of 63%. In “risk control of sharp accidents and splashes” and “surface handling”, none of the groups reached the minimum compliance in these dimensions, with a compliance percentage of 50% and 43% respectively. Conclusions: Most students in the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics do not correctly apply all standard precautions during care. It is necessary to reinforce in the students the contents related to biosecurity and to increase the supervision and demand in its fulfillment by the teachers.

AB - Introduction: With the increase in infectious diseases during health care, the application of biosecurity standards is essential to avoid cross-contamination. Students in Professional Specialization programs must adhere to a set of standards called standard precautions during patient care. Objective: Determine the degree of application of standard precautions by students of a specialization program during patient care. Materials and methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted. The sample size was 15 students from the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile, divided into two groups, day (8-17 h) and evening (18-22 h), who signed an informed consent to participate. They were evaluated in 4 dimensions: “hand was-hing”, “protective barriers” (gloves, mask, hat, protective lenses, breastplate), “risks control of sharp accidents and splashes”, and “handling of materials and surfaces”. A 60% was established to determine minimum compliance with the standard by comparing both groups. Results: In handwashing, both groups did not reach the minimum compliance with the standard, with an average of 12%. For “protective barriers” both groups achieved minimum compliance, with an average of 63%. In “risk control of sharp accidents and splashes” and “surface handling”, none of the groups reached the minimum compliance in these dimensions, with a compliance percentage of 50% and 43% respectively. Conclusions: Most students in the Professional Specialization Program in Endodontics do not correctly apply all standard precautions during care. It is necessary to reinforce in the students the contents related to biosecurity and to increase the supervision and demand in its fulfillment by the teachers.

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KW - protección

KW - riesgo

KW - transmisión de enfermedad infecciosa

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Uso de precauciones estándar durante la atención de pacientes en un programa de especialización

Resumen

Palabras clave

ODS de las Naciones Unidas

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