The role of phototherapy in pediatric dermatology

Background: Phototherapy is one of the widely used therapeutic options in dermatology, and it has proven effective for many dermatological conditions. It includes various modalities such as heliotherapy, broad-band UVB, narrow-band UVB, excimer laser, UVA1, UVA with Psoralens (PUVA), among others. The mechanisms behind phototherapy's efficacy include proapoptotic, immunomodulatory, propigmenting, antifibrotic, and antipruritic effects. In this context, the effectiveness of this modality has been demonstrated in pediatric patients with various conditions; however, no consensus has yet been established regarding its use in this population. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the most recent studies and advancements in the use of phototherapy in the pediatric population. Results: Phototherapy is a safe and effective therapeutic modality that can be used in multiple conditions, such as psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis, mycosis fungoides, pityriasis lichenoides, and actinic prurigo, among others. The therapeutic outcomes depend on the condition being treated, the type of phototherapy used, and the appropriate selection of patients. Conclusions: The phototherapy with NB-UVB is the most commonly use and preferred modality due to its efficacy and lower risk associated. Careful monitoring is recommended to assess long-term safety and optimize pediatric treatment protocols.