Placental aromatase is deficient in placental ischemia and preeclampsia

Alejandra Perez-Sepulveda, Lara J. Monteiro, Aneta Dobierzewska, Pedro P. España-Perrot, Pía Venegas-Araneda, Alejandra M. Guzmán-Rojas, María I. González, Macarena Palominos-Rivera, Carlos E. Irarrazabal, Horacio Figueroa-Diesel, Manuel Varas-Godoy, Sebastián E. Illanes

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Resumen

Introduction Preeclampsia is a maternal hypertensive disorder with uncertain etiology and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide, causing nearly 40% of premature births delivered before 35 weeks of gestation. The first stage of preeclampsia is characterized by reduction of utero-placental blood flow which is reflected in high blood pressure and proteinuria during the second half of pregnancy. In human placenta androgens derived from the maternal and fetal adrenal glands are converted into estrogens by the enzymatic action of placental aromatase. This implies that alterations in placental steroidogenesis and, subsequently, in the functionality or bioavailability of placental aromatase may be mechanistically involved in the pathophysiology of PE. Methods Serum samples were collected at 32-36 weeks of gestation and placenta biopsies were collected at time of delivery from PE patients (n = 16) and pregnant controls (n = 32). The effect of oxygen tension on placental cells was assessed by incubation JEG-3 cells under 1% and 8% O2 for different time periods, Timed-mated, pregnant New Zealand white rabbits (n = 6) were used to establish an in vivo model of placental ischemia (achieved by ligature of uteroplacental vessels). Aromatase content and estrogens and androgens concentrations were measured. Results The protein and mRNA content of placental aromatase significantly diminished in placentae obtained from preeclamptic patients compared to controls. Similarly, the circulating concentrations of 17-β-estradiol/testosterone and estrone/androstenedione were reduced in preeclamptic patients vs. controls. These data are consistent with a concomitant decrease in aromatase activity. Aromatase content was reduced in response to low oxygen tension in the choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell line and in rabbit placentae in response to partial ligation of uterine spiral arteries, suggesting that reduced placental aromatase activity in preeclamptic patients may be associated with chronic placental ischemia and hypoxia later in gestation. Conclusions Placental aromatase expression and functionality are diminished in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia in comparison with healthy pregnant controls.
Idioma originalInglés
Número de artículo139682
PublicaciónPLoS ONE
Volumen10
N.º10
DOI
EstadoPublicada - 7 oct. 2015

Nota bibliográfica

Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Perez-Sepulveda et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Palabras clave

  • Adult
  • Androgens
  • Androstenedione
  • Animals
  • Aromatase
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cell Line
  • Tumor
  • Choriocarcinoma
  • Estradiol
  • Estrogens
  • Estrone
  • Female
  • Gestational Age
  • Humans
  • Ischemia
  • Placenta
  • Pre-eclampsia
  • Pregnancy
  • Premature Birth
  • Prospective Studies
  • Rabbits
  • RNA
  • Messenger
  • Testosterone

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