Letras y migración: Análisis lexicométrico del discurso mediático de los procesos migratorios venezolanos en Chile (2019-2024)

This research analyses the narrative evolution of the migratory phenomenon in the Chilean press at two different times: during the first migration process in 2019 and the second one in 2023-2024. Through a mixed and simultaneous methodological design, it combines quantitative automated textual analysis using the IRaMuTeQ software with a qualitative contextualization and interpretation of the data. The results show that the discursive treatment has changed: during the first migratory process, a narrative centered on empathy, cooperation, and the integration of migrants predominated; in the second, a shift was observed towards a more problematizing framing. The latter emphasizes the need for border control and, in certain cases, links the arrival of migrants with security issues. This change in news framing increased the topic’s presence on the media agenda (2023-2024), reflecting the evolution of the phenomenon’s own context. Our research suggests the need to improve media coverage using appropriate language, the prioritization of primary sources, and the broadening of informative frames, with the objective of avoiding approaches contributing to stigmatize migrant individuals.