@article{ca4a3fef1b8f4ceb9ea397392f51af70,
title = "Intake of vitamin e and c in women of reproductive age: Results from the latin american study of nutrition and health (elans)",
abstract = "Vitamin E was identified as a lipophilic compound essential to maintain rat pregnancy. Low vitamin E intake during early pregnancy associates with congenital malformations and embryonic loss in animals and with miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipoperoxidation and exerts non-antioxidant activities. Its function can be restored by vitamin C; thus, intake and circulating levels of both micronutrients are frequently analyzed together. Although substantial vitamin E inadequacy was reported worldwide, its consumption in Latin America (LatAm) is mostly unknown. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrici{\'o}n y Salud, ELANS), we evaluated vitamin E and C intake in women of reproductive age (WRA) from eight LatAm countries and identified their main food sources. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in 3704 women aged from 15 to 49 years and living in urban locations showed low average intake of vitamin E (7.9 mg/day vs. estimated average requirement (EAR) of 12 mg/day) and adequate overall vitamin C consumption (95.5 mg/day vs. EAR of 60 mg/day). The mean regional inadequacy was 89.6% for vitamin E and 36.3% for vitamin C. The primary food sources of vitamin E were fats and oils, as well as vegetables. Vitamin C intake was explained mainly by the consumption of fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Combined deficient intake of both vitamins was observed in 33.7% of LatAm women. Although the implications of low antioxidant vitamins{\textquoteright} consumption in WRA are still unclear, the combined deficient intake of both vitamins observed in one-third of ELANS participants underscores the need for further research on this topic.",
keywords = "Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology, Feeding Behavior, Female, Food, Health, Humans, Latin America, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Reproduction, Vitamin E/pharmacology, Young Adult",
author = "{ELANS Study Group} and Dolores Busso and Andrea David and Reyna Penailillo and Guadalupe Echeverr{\'i}a and Attilio Rigotti and Irina Kovalskys and Georgina G{\'o}mez and Sanabria, {Lilia Yadira Cort{\'e}s} and Garc{\'i}a, {Martha Cecilia Y{\'e}pez} and Pareja, {Rossina G.} and Marianella Herrera-Cuenca and Mauro Fisberg",
note = "Funding Information: The research reported in this review was funded by Agencia Nacional de Investigaci?n y Desarrollo from the Government of Chile, through grant from Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient?fico y Tecnol?gico (FONDECYT) #1180347 to Dolores Busso. The ELANS and researchers (PIs and advisory board) were supported by a scientific grant from the Coca Cola Company as well as funds from Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara, International Life Science Institute of Argentina, Universidad de Costa Rica, Pontificia Universidad Cat?lica de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundaci?n Bengoa, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto de Investigaci?n Nutricional de Per?. Funding Information: Funding: The research reported in this review was funded by Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo from the Government of Chile, through grant from Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient{\'i}fico y Tecnol{\'o}gico (FONDECYT) #1180347 to Dolores Busso. The ELANS and researchers (PIs and advisory board) were supported by a scientific grant from the Coca Cola Company as well as funds from Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara, International Life Science Institute of Argentina, Universidad de Costa Rica, Pontificia Universidad Cat{\'o}lica de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundaci{\'o}n Bengoa, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto de Investigaci{\'o}n Nutricional de Per{\'u}. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/nu13061954",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
journal = "Nutrients",
issn = "2072-6643",
publisher = "MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute",
number = "6",
}