TY - JOUR
T1 - Characterization and oxidation states of Cu and Pd in Pd-CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 catalysts for hydrogen production by methanol partial oxidation
AU - Schuyten, S.
AU - Guerrero, S.
AU - Miller, J. T.
AU - Shibata, T.
AU - Wolf, E. E.
N1 - Funding Information:
We gratefully acknowledge funding from the International Copper Association (ICA) for support of this work and NSF CTS 0138070. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science (DOE-BES-SC), under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. The MR-CAT is funded by the member institutions and DOE-BES-SC under contracts DE-FG02-94ER45525 and DE-FG02-96ER45589.
PY - 2009/1/15
Y1 - 2009/1/15
N2 - Copper and zinc oxide based catalysts prepared by coprecipitation were promoted with palladium and ZrO2, and their activity and selectivity for methanol oxidative reforming was measured and characterized by N2O decomposition, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, BET, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature programmed reduction. Addition of ZrO2 increased copper dispersion and surface area, with little effect on activity, while palladium promotion significantly enhanced activity with little change of the catalytic structure. A catalyst promoted with both ZrO2 and palladium yielded hydrogen below 150 °C. EXAFS results under reaction conditions showed that the oxidation state of copper was influenced by palladium in the catalyst bulk. A palladium promoted catalyst contained 90% Cu0, while the copper in an unpromoted catalyst was 100% Cu1+ at the same temperature. Palladium preferentially forms an unstable alloy with copper instead of zinc during reduction, which persists during reaction regardless of copper oxidation state. A 100-h time on stream activity measurement showed growth in copper crystallites and change in copper oxidation state resulting in decreasing activity and selectivity. A kinetic model of the reaction pathway showed that palladium and ZrO2 promoters lower the activation energy of methanol combustion and steam reforming reactions.
AB - Copper and zinc oxide based catalysts prepared by coprecipitation were promoted with palladium and ZrO2, and their activity and selectivity for methanol oxidative reforming was measured and characterized by N2O decomposition, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, BET, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and temperature programmed reduction. Addition of ZrO2 increased copper dispersion and surface area, with little effect on activity, while palladium promotion significantly enhanced activity with little change of the catalytic structure. A catalyst promoted with both ZrO2 and palladium yielded hydrogen below 150 °C. EXAFS results under reaction conditions showed that the oxidation state of copper was influenced by palladium in the catalyst bulk. A palladium promoted catalyst contained 90% Cu0, while the copper in an unpromoted catalyst was 100% Cu1+ at the same temperature. Palladium preferentially forms an unstable alloy with copper instead of zinc during reduction, which persists during reaction regardless of copper oxidation state. A 100-h time on stream activity measurement showed growth in copper crystallites and change in copper oxidation state resulting in decreasing activity and selectivity. A kinetic model of the reaction pathway showed that palladium and ZrO2 promoters lower the activation energy of methanol combustion and steam reforming reactions.
KW - Copper
KW - Methanol
KW - Palladium alloy
KW - Partial oxidation
KW - X-ray absorption spectroscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=57649105265&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apcata.2008.09.030
DO - 10.1016/j.apcata.2008.09.030
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:57649105265
VL - 352
SP - 133
EP - 144
JO - Applied Catalysis A: General
JF - Applied Catalysis A: General
SN - 0926-860X
IS - 1-2
ER -