Polydrug Use and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders in a Respondent Driven Sampling of Cocaine Base Paste Users in Santiago, Chile

Carla F. Olivari; Jorge Gaete; Nicolás Rodriguez; Esteban Pizarro; Paloma Del Villar; Esteban Calvo; Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia

doi:10.1080/02791072.2021.1976886

Polydrug Use and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders in a Respondent Driven Sampling of Cocaine Base Paste Users in Santiago, Chile

Carla F. Olivari, Jorge Gaete, Nicolás Rodriguez, Esteban Pizarro, Paloma Del Villar, Esteban Calvo, Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Universidad de los Andes

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

We characterized substance use patterns and co-occurring substance use disorders among active cocaine base paste (CBP) users in Santiago, Chile using data from respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in three areas of Metropolitan Santiago. Recruitment began with nine seeds, reaching 398 active CBP users (18% women; mean age 37.7 years), defined as persons consuming CBP at least twice per week in the last three months. Population proportions and uncertainty were estimated accounting for individuals' social network and homophily. The median CBP age of initiation was 21 years, and the median number of years using CBP was 7 for women and 15 for men. The median days of use in the past month was 25 days, with a median of 56 doses per week. The proportion of monthly income spent on CBP was 65%. The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) were: 98% for CBP, 67% for alcohol, 60% for marijuana, and 41% for cocaine hydrochloride. Heavy polydrug use patterns and co-occurring SUDs are frequent among active CBP users in the metropolitan area of Santiago. Traditional surveillance strategies may have underestimated polysubstance use and co-occurring SUDs in active CBP users. RDS proved to be a feasible methodology that could be effectively used for substance use surveillance among hard-to-reach populations.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	348-357
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
Volume	54
Issue number	4
Early online date	2 Nov 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2021.1976886
State	Published - 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Chilean National Service for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Drug and Alcohol Consumption (SENDA), Contract Nº662237-38-LE13 to the Institute of Sociology, Pontificia Universidad de Católica de Chile. SENDA had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Dr. Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia received research funding from FONDECYT Regular #1191282, Dr. Esteban Calvo from FONDECYT Regular #1181009, and Dr. Jorge Gaete received funding from grant FONDECYT Regular #1181724 and the Millennium Science Initiative of the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, grant “Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay.” We would like to thank Andrés González-Santa Cruz for his assistance in preparing Figure 1.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Keywords

Chile
Smoked cocaine
respondent-driven sampling
substance use disorder
surveillance

Access to Document

10.1080/02791072.2021.1976886

Cite this

@article{f9471819893040bd808b9e2b65b2b408,

title = "Polydrug Use and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders in a Respondent Driven Sampling of Cocaine Base Paste Users in Santiago, Chile",

abstract = "We characterized substance use patterns and co-occurring substance use disorders among active cocaine base paste (CBP) users in Santiago, Chile using data from respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in three areas of Metropolitan Santiago. Recruitment began with nine seeds, reaching 398 active CBP users (18% women; mean age 37.7 years), defined as persons consuming CBP at least twice per week in the last three months. Population proportions and uncertainty were estimated accounting for individuals' social network and homophily. The median CBP age of initiation was 21 years, and the median number of years using CBP was 7 for women and 15 for men. The median days of use in the past month was 25 days, with a median of 56 doses per week. The proportion of monthly income spent on CBP was 65%. The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) were: 98% for CBP, 67% for alcohol, 60% for marijuana, and 41% for cocaine hydrochloride. Heavy polydrug use patterns and co-occurring SUDs are frequent among active CBP users in the metropolitan area of Santiago. Traditional surveillance strategies may have underestimated polysubstance use and co-occurring SUDs in active CBP users. RDS proved to be a feasible methodology that could be effectively used for substance use surveillance among hard-to-reach populations.",

keywords = "Chile, Smoked cocaine, respondent-driven sampling, substance use disorder, surveillance",

author = "Olivari, {Carla F.} and Jorge Gaete and Nicol{\'a}s Rodriguez and Esteban Pizarro and {Del Villar}, Paloma and Esteban Calvo and Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia",

note = "Funding Information: This study was funded by the Chilean National Service for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Drug and Alcohol Consumption (SENDA), Contract Nº662237-38-LE13 to the Institute of Sociology, Pontificia Universidad de Cat{\'o}lica de Chile. SENDA had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Dr. Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia received research funding from FONDECYT Regular #1191282, Dr. Esteban Calvo from FONDECYT Regular #1181009, and Dr. Jorge Gaete received funding from grant FONDECYT Regular #1181724 and the Millennium Science Initiative of the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, grant “Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay.” We would like to thank Andr{\'e}s Gonz{\'a}lez-Santa Cruz for his assistance in preparing Figure 1. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1080/02791072.2021.1976886",

language = "English",

volume = "54",

pages = "348--357",

journal = "Journal of Psychoactive Drugs",

issn = "0279-1072",

publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",

number = "4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Polydrug Use and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders in a Respondent Driven Sampling of Cocaine Base Paste Users in Santiago, Chile

AU - Olivari, Carla F.

AU - Gaete, Jorge

AU - Rodriguez, Nicolás

AU - Pizarro, Esteban

AU - Del Villar, Paloma

AU - Calvo, Esteban

AU - Castillo-Carniglia, Alvaro

N1 - Funding Information: This study was funded by the Chilean National Service for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Drug and Alcohol Consumption (SENDA), Contract Nº662237-38-LE13 to the Institute of Sociology, Pontificia Universidad de Católica de Chile. SENDA had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. Dr. Alvaro Castillo-Carniglia received research funding from FONDECYT Regular #1191282, Dr. Esteban Calvo from FONDECYT Regular #1181009, and Dr. Jorge Gaete received funding from grant FONDECYT Regular #1181724 and the Millennium Science Initiative of the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, grant “Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay.” We would like to thank Andrés González-Santa Cruz for his assistance in preparing Figure 1. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - We characterized substance use patterns and co-occurring substance use disorders among active cocaine base paste (CBP) users in Santiago, Chile using data from respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in three areas of Metropolitan Santiago. Recruitment began with nine seeds, reaching 398 active CBP users (18% women; mean age 37.7 years), defined as persons consuming CBP at least twice per week in the last three months. Population proportions and uncertainty were estimated accounting for individuals' social network and homophily. The median CBP age of initiation was 21 years, and the median number of years using CBP was 7 for women and 15 for men. The median days of use in the past month was 25 days, with a median of 56 doses per week. The proportion of monthly income spent on CBP was 65%. The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) were: 98% for CBP, 67% for alcohol, 60% for marijuana, and 41% for cocaine hydrochloride. Heavy polydrug use patterns and co-occurring SUDs are frequent among active CBP users in the metropolitan area of Santiago. Traditional surveillance strategies may have underestimated polysubstance use and co-occurring SUDs in active CBP users. RDS proved to be a feasible methodology that could be effectively used for substance use surveillance among hard-to-reach populations.

AB - We characterized substance use patterns and co-occurring substance use disorders among active cocaine base paste (CBP) users in Santiago, Chile using data from respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in three areas of Metropolitan Santiago. Recruitment began with nine seeds, reaching 398 active CBP users (18% women; mean age 37.7 years), defined as persons consuming CBP at least twice per week in the last three months. Population proportions and uncertainty were estimated accounting for individuals' social network and homophily. The median CBP age of initiation was 21 years, and the median number of years using CBP was 7 for women and 15 for men. The median days of use in the past month was 25 days, with a median of 56 doses per week. The proportion of monthly income spent on CBP was 65%. The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) were: 98% for CBP, 67% for alcohol, 60% for marijuana, and 41% for cocaine hydrochloride. Heavy polydrug use patterns and co-occurring SUDs are frequent among active CBP users in the metropolitan area of Santiago. Traditional surveillance strategies may have underestimated polysubstance use and co-occurring SUDs in active CBP users. RDS proved to be a feasible methodology that could be effectively used for substance use surveillance among hard-to-reach populations.

KW - Chile

KW - Smoked cocaine

KW - respondent-driven sampling

KW - substance use disorder

KW - surveillance

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118438771&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/cb175937-9e98-3f66-a4ca-6dc930cd0988/

U2 - 10.1080/02791072.2021.1976886

DO - 10.1080/02791072.2021.1976886

M3 - Article

C2 - 34724873

SN - 0279-1072

VL - 54

SP - 348

EP - 357

JO - Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

JF - Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

IS - 4

ER -

Polydrug Use and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders in a Respondent Driven Sampling of Cocaine Base Paste Users in Santiago, Chile

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this