Mental disorders and mental health symptoms during imprisonment: A three-year follow-up study

Caroline Gabrysch*, Rosemarie Fritsch, Stefan Priebe, Adrian P. Mundt

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background Data on the course of mental disorders during imprisonment are scarce. Longitudinal studies from high-income Western countries point to improvements of symptoms over time. The aim of the present study was to assess mental disorders and symptoms three years after baseline evaluation at imprisonment and to determine predictors of change in a South American prison context. Methods Consecutively admitted prisoners in Santiago de Chile were assessed at intake and reassessed after three years using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Symptom-Check-List 90 Revised (SCL-90-R). The global severity index (GSI) was calculated with standard deviations (SD) and compared using paired t-tests. The prevalence of mental disorders at baseline and at follow-up were compared using McNemar tests. Analyses of variance were conducted to evaluate whether prespecified socio-demographic variables and disorders at baseline predicted symptom change at follow-up. Results 73 (94%) out of 78 prisoners participated. The prevalence of major mental illnesses was lower at follow-up: 47 (64%) at intake vs. 23 (32%) at follow-up had major depression (p<0.001 22 (30%) at intake vs. 10 (14%) at follow-up had psychosis (p = 0.008). The mean GSI improved from 1.97 (SD 0.65) at intake to 1.16 (SD 0.82) at follow-up (p<0.001). Depression at baseline (F = 9.39; Z2 p = 0.137; β = -0.67; p = 0.003) and working or studying during imprisonment (F = 10.61; Z2 p = 0.152; β = -0.71; p = 0.002) were associated with strong improvement of the GSI at follow-up, whereas psychosis at intake was associated with relatively small symptom improvement (F = 12.11; Z2 p = 0.17; β = 0.81; p = 0.001). Conclusions In a resource poor prison context in South America, mental health symptoms and disorders improve considerably over three years during imprisonment. This applies especially to people with depression at intake. Offers to work or study during imprisonment may improve mental health outcomes.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere0213711
JournalPLoS ONE
Volume14
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2019
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The study was supported by Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT), grant scheme Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) Regular, Number 1160260 (http://www.conicyt.cl/fondecyt/category/concursos/fondecyt-regular/) and acknowldedge Support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the Open Access Publication Fund of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (https://bibliothek.charite.de/publizieren/publikationsfonds/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Gabrysch et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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