Incidencia de la injuria renal aguda en unidad de paciente crítico y su mortalidad a 30 días y un año

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) increases morbidity, mortality and hospital stay in critical patients units (CPU). Aim: To determine the incidence and mortality of AKI in CPU. Material and Methods: Review of electronic medical records of 1,769 patients aged 61 ± 20 years (47% males) discharged from a CPU during one year. Acute Kidney Injury diagnosis and severity was established using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Results: A history of hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus was present in 44 and 22% of patients, respectively. APACHE II and SOFA scores were 14.6 ± 6.8 and 3.6 ± 2.1 respectively. AKI incidence was 28.9% (stage I, 16.7%, stage II, 5.3% and stage III, 6.9%). Mortality during the first 30 days and during the first year was 8.1 and 20.0% respectively. Patients with stage III AKI had the highest mortality (23.8 and 40.2% at 30 days and one year respectively). Compared with patients without AKI, the Odds ratio for mortality at 30 days and one year of patients with AKI stage III was 3.7 and 2.5, respectively. Conclusions: Thirty percent of patients admitted to UPC develop an AKI, which influences 30 days and one year mortality.