Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile

Diego A. Díaz-Dinamarca; Pablo Díaz; Gisselle Barra; Rodrigo Puentes; Loredana Arata; Jonnathan Grossolli; Boris Riveros-Rodriguez; Luis Ardiles; Julio Santelises; Valeria Vasquez-Saez; Daniel F. Escobar; Daniel Soto; Cecilia Canales; Janepsy Díaz; Liliana Lamperti; Daniela Castillo; Mychel Urra; Felipe Zuñiga; Valeska Ormazabal; Estefanía Nova-Lamperti; Rosana Benítez; Alejandra Rivera; Claudia P. Cortes; María Teresa Valenzuela; Heriberto E. García-Escorza; Abel E. Vasquez

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045

Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile

Diego A. Díaz-Dinamarca, Pablo Díaz, Gisselle Barra, Rodrigo Puentes, Loredana Arata, Jonnathan Grossolli, Boris Riveros-Rodriguez, Luis Ardiles, Julio Santelises, Valeria Vasquez-Saez, Daniel F. Escobar, Daniel Soto, Cecilia Canales, Janepsy Díaz, Liliana Lamperti, Daniela Castillo, Mychel Urra, Felipe Zuñiga, Valeska Ormazabal, Estefanía Nova-LampertiRosana Benítez, Alejandra Rivera, Claudia P. Cortes, María Teresa Valenzuela, Heriberto E. García-Escorza, Abel E. Vasquez^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Centro Integral para el Envejecimiento Feliz

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over million deaths worldwide, with more than 61,000 deaths in Chile. The Chilean government has implemented a vaccination program against SARS-CoV-2, with over 17.7 million people receiving a complete vaccination scheme. The final target is 18 million individuals. The most common vaccines used in Chile are CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-Biotech). Given the global need for vaccine boosters to combat the impact of emerging virus variants, studying the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial. In this study, we characterize the humoral immune response in inoculated volunteers from Chile who received vaccination schemes consisting of two doses of CoronaVac [CoronaVac (2x)], two doses of CoronaVac plus one dose of BNT162b2 [CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x)], and three doses of BNT162b2 [BNT162b2 (3x)]. Methods: We recruited 469 participants from Clínica Dávila in Santiago and the Health Center Víctor Manuel Fernández in the city of Concepción, Chile. Additionally, we included participants who had recovered from COVID-19 but were not vaccinated (RCN). We analyzed antibodies, including anti-N, anti-S1-RBD, and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results: We found that antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein were significantly higher in the CoronaVac (2x) and RCN groups compared to the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) or BNT162b2 (3x) groups. However, the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups exhibited a higher concentration of S1-RBD antibodies than the CoronaVac (2x) group and RCN group. There were no significant differences in S1-RBD antibody titers between the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups. Finally, the group immunized with BNT162b2 (3x) had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the RCN group, as well as the CoronaVac (2x) and CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) groups. Discussion: These findings suggest that vaccination induces the secretion of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and a booster dose of BNT162b2 is necessary to generate a protective immune response. In the current state of the pandemic, these data support the Ministry of Health of the Government of Chile’s decision to promote heterologous vaccination as they indicate that a significant portion of the Chilean population has neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

Original language	English
Article number	1229045
Journal	Frontiers in Public Health
Volume	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045
State	Published - 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was financed and supported by the Public Health Institute of Chile and the Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge, and Innovation (project code: ANDID_FI_AVASQUEZ_171). Fellowships were awarded to DD-D (ANID N° 21200880), BR-R (ANID N°21231103), VV-S (ANID N°21232039), DFE (ANID N°21230807), and JG (ANID N°21230817).

Funding Information:
The authors thank Escuela de Tecnología Médica from Universidad del Desarrollo and Escuela de Tecnología Médica from Universidad Santo Tomás and Universidad San Sebastián. The authors thank Clinitest for their advice on obtaining antibody titers (CLIA). The authors also thank the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory and Proteomics OMICs of Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología de Universidad de Concepción, and Pablo López, Blanca Quijada, and Dra. Vila Razmilic from Víctor Manuel Fernández Health Family Center, Concepción, Chile. The authors appreciate Dr. Fernando Valiente, who kindly facilitated serum samples from donors vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac, and all the members who participated in the management and procurement processes of the National Agency for Medical Devices, Innovation and Development (ANDID) and all logistics assistance of the Public Health Institute of Chile. The authors finally thank the blood bank personnel and the clinical data unit from Clínica Santa María.

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Díaz-Dinamarca, Díaz, Barra, Puentes, Arata, Grossolli, Riveros-Rodriguez, Ardiles, Santelises, Vasquez-Saez, Escobar, Soto, Canales, Díaz, Lamperti, Castillo, Urra, Zuñiga, Ormazabal, Nova-Lamperti, Benítez, Rivera, Cortes, Valenzuela, García-Escorza and Vasquez.

Keywords

BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech)
Chilean vaccination
CoronaVac vaccine
COVID19
heterologous vaccination
immunization schedules
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045

Cite this

Díaz-Dinamarca, D. A., Díaz, P., Barra, G., Puentes, R., Arata, L., Grossolli, J., Riveros-Rodriguez, B., Ardiles, L., Santelises, J., Vasquez-Saez, V., Escobar, D. F., Soto, D., Canales, C., Díaz, J., Lamperti, L., Castillo, D., Urra, M., Zuñiga, F., Ormazabal, V., ... Vasquez, A. E. (2023). Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, Article 1229045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045

@article{3a0936c35513453b8fe5bbe366ed95a2,

title = "Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile",

abstract = "Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over million deaths worldwide, with more than 61,000 deaths in Chile. The Chilean government has implemented a vaccination program against SARS-CoV-2, with over 17.7 million people receiving a complete vaccination scheme. The final target is 18 million individuals. The most common vaccines used in Chile are CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-Biotech). Given the global need for vaccine boosters to combat the impact of emerging virus variants, studying the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial. In this study, we characterize the humoral immune response in inoculated volunteers from Chile who received vaccination schemes consisting of two doses of CoronaVac [CoronaVac (2x)], two doses of CoronaVac plus one dose of BNT162b2 [CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x)], and three doses of BNT162b2 [BNT162b2 (3x)]. Methods: We recruited 469 participants from Cl{\'i}nica D{\'a}vila in Santiago and the Health Center V{\'i}ctor Manuel Fern{\'a}ndez in the city of Concepci{\'o}n, Chile. Additionally, we included participants who had recovered from COVID-19 but were not vaccinated (RCN). We analyzed antibodies, including anti-N, anti-S1-RBD, and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results: We found that antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein were significantly higher in the CoronaVac (2x) and RCN groups compared to the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) or BNT162b2 (3x) groups. However, the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups exhibited a higher concentration of S1-RBD antibodies than the CoronaVac (2x) group and RCN group. There were no significant differences in S1-RBD antibody titers between the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups. Finally, the group immunized with BNT162b2 (3x) had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the RCN group, as well as the CoronaVac (2x) and CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) groups. Discussion: These findings suggest that vaccination induces the secretion of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and a booster dose of BNT162b2 is necessary to generate a protective immune response. In the current state of the pandemic, these data support the Ministry of Health of the Government of Chile{\textquoteright}s decision to promote heterologous vaccination as they indicate that a significant portion of the Chilean population has neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.",

keywords = "BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), Chilean vaccination, CoronaVac vaccine, COVID19, heterologous vaccination, immunization schedules, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies",

author = "D{\'i}az-Dinamarca, {Diego A.} and Pablo D{\'i}az and Gisselle Barra and Rodrigo Puentes and Loredana Arata and Jonnathan Grossolli and Boris Riveros-Rodriguez and Luis Ardiles and Julio Santelises and Valeria Vasquez-Saez and Escobar, {Daniel F.} and Daniel Soto and Cecilia Canales and Janepsy D{\'i}az and Liliana Lamperti and Daniela Castillo and Mychel Urra and Felipe Zu{\~n}iga and Valeska Ormazabal and Estefan{\'i}a Nova-Lamperti and Rosana Ben{\'i}tez and Alejandra Rivera and Cortes, {Claudia P.} and Valenzuela, {Mar{\'i}a Teresa} and Garc{\'i}a-Escorza, {Heriberto E.} and Vasquez, {Abel E.}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was financed and supported by the Public Health Institute of Chile and the Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge, and Innovation (project code: ANDID_FI_AVASQUEZ_171). Fellowships were awarded to DD-D (ANID N° 21200880), BR-R (ANID N°21231103), VV-S (ANID N°21232039), DFE (ANID N°21230807), and JG (ANID N°21230817). Funding Information: The authors thank Escuela de Tecnolog{\'i}a M{\'e}dica from Universidad del Desarrollo and Escuela de Tecnolog{\'i}a M{\'e}dica from Universidad Santo Tom{\'a}s and Universidad San Sebasti{\'a}n. The authors thank Clinitest for their advice on obtaining antibody titers (CLIA). The authors also thank the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory and Proteomics OMICs of Departamento de Bioqu{\'i}mica Cl{\'i}nica e Inmunolog{\'i}a de Universidad de Concepci{\'o}n, and Pablo L{\'o}pez, Blanca Quijada, and Dra. Vila Razmilic from V{\'i}ctor Manuel Fern{\'a}ndez Health Family Center, Concepci{\'o}n, Chile. The authors appreciate Dr. Fernando Valiente, who kindly facilitated serum samples from donors vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac, and all the members who participated in the management and procurement processes of the National Agency for Medical Devices, Innovation and Development (ANDID) and all logistics assistance of the Public Health Institute of Chile. The authors finally thank the blood bank personnel and the clinical data unit from Cl{\'i}nica Santa Mar{\'i}a. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2023 D{\'i}az-Dinamarca, D{\'i}az, Barra, Puentes, Arata, Grossolli, Riveros-Rodriguez, Ardiles, Santelises, Vasquez-Saez, Escobar, Soto, Canales, D{\'i}az, Lamperti, Castillo, Urra, Zu{\~n}iga, Ormazabal, Nova-Lamperti, Ben{\'i}tez, Rivera, Cortes, Valenzuela, Garc{\'i}a-Escorza and Vasquez.",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "Frontiers in Public Health",

issn = "2296-2565",

publisher = "Frontiers Media S.A.",

}

Díaz-Dinamarca, DA, Díaz, P, Barra, G, Puentes, R, Arata, L, Grossolli, J, Riveros-Rodriguez, B, Ardiles, L, Santelises, J, Vasquez-Saez, V, Escobar, DF, Soto, D, Canales, C, Díaz, J, Lamperti, L, Castillo, D, Urra, M, Zuñiga, F, Ormazabal, V, Nova-Lamperti, E, Benítez, R, Rivera, A, Cortes, CP, Valenzuela, MT, García-Escorza, HE & Vasquez, AE 2023, 'Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile', Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 11, 1229045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045

TY - JOUR

T1 - Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile

AU - Díaz-Dinamarca, Diego A.

AU - Díaz, Pablo

AU - Barra, Gisselle

AU - Puentes, Rodrigo

AU - Arata, Loredana

AU - Grossolli, Jonnathan

AU - Riveros-Rodriguez, Boris

AU - Ardiles, Luis

AU - Santelises, Julio

AU - Vasquez-Saez, Valeria

AU - Escobar, Daniel F.

AU - Soto, Daniel

AU - Canales, Cecilia

AU - Díaz, Janepsy

AU - Lamperti, Liliana

AU - Castillo, Daniela

AU - Urra, Mychel

AU - Zuñiga, Felipe

AU - Ormazabal, Valeska

AU - Nova-Lamperti, Estefanía

AU - Benítez, Rosana

AU - Rivera, Alejandra

AU - Cortes, Claudia P.

AU - Valenzuela, María Teresa

AU - García-Escorza, Heriberto E.

AU - Vasquez, Abel E.

N1 - Funding Information: This study was financed and supported by the Public Health Institute of Chile and the Ministry of Science, Technology, Knowledge, and Innovation (project code: ANDID_FI_AVASQUEZ_171). Fellowships were awarded to DD-D (ANID N° 21200880), BR-R (ANID N°21231103), VV-S (ANID N°21232039), DFE (ANID N°21230807), and JG (ANID N°21230817). Funding Information: The authors thank Escuela de Tecnología Médica from Universidad del Desarrollo and Escuela de Tecnología Médica from Universidad Santo Tomás and Universidad San Sebastián. The authors thank Clinitest for their advice on obtaining antibody titers (CLIA). The authors also thank the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory and Proteomics OMICs of Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología de Universidad de Concepción, and Pablo López, Blanca Quijada, and Dra. Vila Razmilic from Víctor Manuel Fernández Health Family Center, Concepción, Chile. The authors appreciate Dr. Fernando Valiente, who kindly facilitated serum samples from donors vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac, and all the members who participated in the management and procurement processes of the National Agency for Medical Devices, Innovation and Development (ANDID) and all logistics assistance of the Public Health Institute of Chile. The authors finally thank the blood bank personnel and the clinical data unit from Clínica Santa María. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2023 Díaz-Dinamarca, Díaz, Barra, Puentes, Arata, Grossolli, Riveros-Rodriguez, Ardiles, Santelises, Vasquez-Saez, Escobar, Soto, Canales, Díaz, Lamperti, Castillo, Urra, Zuñiga, Ormazabal, Nova-Lamperti, Benítez, Rivera, Cortes, Valenzuela, García-Escorza and Vasquez.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over million deaths worldwide, with more than 61,000 deaths in Chile. The Chilean government has implemented a vaccination program against SARS-CoV-2, with over 17.7 million people receiving a complete vaccination scheme. The final target is 18 million individuals. The most common vaccines used in Chile are CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-Biotech). Given the global need for vaccine boosters to combat the impact of emerging virus variants, studying the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial. In this study, we characterize the humoral immune response in inoculated volunteers from Chile who received vaccination schemes consisting of two doses of CoronaVac [CoronaVac (2x)], two doses of CoronaVac plus one dose of BNT162b2 [CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x)], and three doses of BNT162b2 [BNT162b2 (3x)]. Methods: We recruited 469 participants from Clínica Dávila in Santiago and the Health Center Víctor Manuel Fernández in the city of Concepción, Chile. Additionally, we included participants who had recovered from COVID-19 but were not vaccinated (RCN). We analyzed antibodies, including anti-N, anti-S1-RBD, and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results: We found that antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein were significantly higher in the CoronaVac (2x) and RCN groups compared to the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) or BNT162b2 (3x) groups. However, the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups exhibited a higher concentration of S1-RBD antibodies than the CoronaVac (2x) group and RCN group. There were no significant differences in S1-RBD antibody titers between the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups. Finally, the group immunized with BNT162b2 (3x) had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the RCN group, as well as the CoronaVac (2x) and CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) groups. Discussion: These findings suggest that vaccination induces the secretion of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and a booster dose of BNT162b2 is necessary to generate a protective immune response. In the current state of the pandemic, these data support the Ministry of Health of the Government of Chile’s decision to promote heterologous vaccination as they indicate that a significant portion of the Chilean population has neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

AB - Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over million deaths worldwide, with more than 61,000 deaths in Chile. The Chilean government has implemented a vaccination program against SARS-CoV-2, with over 17.7 million people receiving a complete vaccination scheme. The final target is 18 million individuals. The most common vaccines used in Chile are CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-Biotech). Given the global need for vaccine boosters to combat the impact of emerging virus variants, studying the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial. In this study, we characterize the humoral immune response in inoculated volunteers from Chile who received vaccination schemes consisting of two doses of CoronaVac [CoronaVac (2x)], two doses of CoronaVac plus one dose of BNT162b2 [CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x)], and three doses of BNT162b2 [BNT162b2 (3x)]. Methods: We recruited 469 participants from Clínica Dávila in Santiago and the Health Center Víctor Manuel Fernández in the city of Concepción, Chile. Additionally, we included participants who had recovered from COVID-19 but were not vaccinated (RCN). We analyzed antibodies, including anti-N, anti-S1-RBD, and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Results: We found that antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein were significantly higher in the CoronaVac (2x) and RCN groups compared to the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) or BNT162b2 (3x) groups. However, the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups exhibited a higher concentration of S1-RBD antibodies than the CoronaVac (2x) group and RCN group. There were no significant differences in S1-RBD antibody titers between the CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) and BNT162b2 (3x) groups. Finally, the group immunized with BNT162b2 (3x) had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the RCN group, as well as the CoronaVac (2x) and CoronaVac (2x) + BNT162b2 (1x) groups. Discussion: These findings suggest that vaccination induces the secretion of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and a booster dose of BNT162b2 is necessary to generate a protective immune response. In the current state of the pandemic, these data support the Ministry of Health of the Government of Chile’s decision to promote heterologous vaccination as they indicate that a significant portion of the Chilean population has neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.

KW - BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech)

KW - Chilean vaccination

KW - CoronaVac vaccine

KW - COVID19

KW - heterologous vaccination

KW - immunization schedules

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85169920178&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045

DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1229045

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85169920178

SN - 2296-2565

VL - 11

JO - Frontiers in Public Health

JF - Frontiers in Public Health

M1 - 1229045

ER -

Humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 evoked by heterologous vaccination groups using the CoronaVac (Sinovac) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccines in Chile

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this