Early pregnancy levels of gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinases-8 and -9 are associated with the severity of periodontitis and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus

Alejandra Chaparro*, Ornella Realini, Marcela Hernández, Daniela Albers, Laura Weber, Valeria Ramírez, Fernanda Param, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Timo Sorsa, Gregory Edward Rice, Sebastián E. Illanes

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide and women with a history of GDM are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes which is a risk factor for periodontitis. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and -9 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during early pregnancy with the periodontal diagnosis and the risk of GDM development. Methods: A prospective cohort study, including 314 women, enrolled at 11 to 14 weeks of pregnancy was conducted. A complete maternal/obstetric and periodontal exam was performed, and GCF samples were obtained for the MMP-8 and -9 determination by Multiplex Elisa Assays. Mann-Whitney test; Spearman's correlation and log-binomial regression model estimated the association between MMPs concentration in GCF and GDM. Results: Fourteen percent of the pregnancies were diagnosed with GDM. An increase in the concentration of MMP-8 and -9 in women with periodontitis stage III and IV compared to periodontitis stage I was observed (99.31 ng/mL [IQR: 85.32] versus 71.95 ng/mL [IQR: 54.04], and 262.4 ng/mL [IQR: 312.55] versus 114.1 ng/mL [IQR: 184.94], respectively). Women who developed GDM showed increased concentrations of MMP-8 and -9 in GCF since the beginning of pregnancy (P = 0.0381; P = 0.0302, respectively). MMP-8 concentration in GCF was associated with GDM (RR: 1.19; P = 0.045; CI 95% 1.00 to 1.40; and RR: 1.20; P = 0.063; CI 95% 0.99 to 1.45 in the adjusted model). Conclusion(s): GCF concentrations of MMP-8 and -9 at early of pregnancy are increased in women with severe periodontitis and associated with the GDM development.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)205-215
Number of pages11
JournalJournal of Periodontology
Volume92
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Feb 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
FONDEF IDeA ID16I10452, Fund to Encourage Scientific and Technological Development (“FONDEF”), located at Moneda 1375, Santiago, Chile. Timo Sorsa has received grants from the Helsinki University Hospital (TYH2016251, TYH2017251, TYH2018229, TYH2019319, Y1014SLO17, Y1014SLO18 and, Y1014SULE1) and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American Academy of Periodontology

Keywords

  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
  • Diabetes, Gestational
  • Female
  • Gingival Crevicular Fluid
  • Humans
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 8
  • Periodontitis/complications
  • Pregnancy
  • Prospective Studies

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