TY - JOUR
T1 - Defining minimum expected competencies for orthopaedic surgery residency training in Chile
T2 - A national Delphi consensus
AU - Guiloff, Rodrigo
AU - Figueroa, David
AU - Seitz, Ignacio
AU - Arteaga, José Tomás
AU - Armijo-Rivera, Soledad
AU - Irarrázaval, Sebastián
AU - Toro, Felipe
AU - Moraga, Claudio
AU - Izquierdo, Guillermo
AU - Yurac, Ratko
AU - Zamorano, Juan José
AU - Molina, Marcelo
AU - Valencia, Manuel
AU - Moya, Luis
AU - Besomi, Javier
AU - Calvo, Rafael
AU - Vaisman, Alex
AU - Schmidt-Hebbel, Andrés
AU - Arellano, Sergio
AU - Keller, Andrés
AU - Hodgson, Felipe
AU - Orrego, Mario
AU - Besa, Pablo
AU - De Marinis, Rodrigo
AU - Baar, Alejandro
AU - Ekdahl, Max
AU - Barra, Emilio
AU - Pizarro, Felipe
AU - Troncoso, Abelardo
AU - Valiente, Diego
AU - Munjin, Aleksander
AU - Vergara, Pamela
AU - Piga, Camilo
AU - Chávez, Jorge
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) under exclusive licence to SICOT aisbl 2026.
PY - 2026/3
Y1 - 2026/3
N2 - Purpose: To establish a national consensus on the minimum expected competencies that orthopaedic surgery residents in Chile should achieve by the end of training, providing a foundation for competency-based curriculum development in comparable training contexts. Methods: A multicentre modified Delphi study was conducted involving academic leaders from orthopaedic residency programmes across Chile. An initial round of open-ended questions among programme directors generated draft competency statements, which were refined through two subsequent rounds using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was predefined as ≥ 80% agreement (ratings of 4 or 5) with an interquartile range ≤ 1. Competencies were organised into six ACGME core competencies and one CanMEDS role. Results: Twenty-eight experts completed the final rounds. Consensus was achieved on 32 competency statements spanning patient care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, professionalism, system-based practice, and scholar–research. Agreement was observed for non-procedural competencies and foundational surgical skills. In contrast, consensus was not reached regarding autonomy, even under supervision, for advanced surgical procedures, particularly arthroplasty and selected soft-tissue procedures. Qualitative feedback attributed disagreement to patient-safety considerations, procedural complexity, and differing views on the boundary between residency and fellowship-level competence. Conclusions: This national Delphi study establishes the first consensus-based definition of minimum expected competencies for orthopaedic surgery residency training in Chile. The resulting framework provides a shared reference aligned with international competency-based principles while remaining responsive to local training contexts, and is intended to inform educational development and accreditation discussions in similar training settings rather than mandate a uniform training model.
AB - Purpose: To establish a national consensus on the minimum expected competencies that orthopaedic surgery residents in Chile should achieve by the end of training, providing a foundation for competency-based curriculum development in comparable training contexts. Methods: A multicentre modified Delphi study was conducted involving academic leaders from orthopaedic residency programmes across Chile. An initial round of open-ended questions among programme directors generated draft competency statements, which were refined through two subsequent rounds using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was predefined as ≥ 80% agreement (ratings of 4 or 5) with an interquartile range ≤ 1. Competencies were organised into six ACGME core competencies and one CanMEDS role. Results: Twenty-eight experts completed the final rounds. Consensus was achieved on 32 competency statements spanning patient care, medical knowledge, practice-based learning and improvement, interpersonal and communication skills, professionalism, system-based practice, and scholar–research. Agreement was observed for non-procedural competencies and foundational surgical skills. In contrast, consensus was not reached regarding autonomy, even under supervision, for advanced surgical procedures, particularly arthroplasty and selected soft-tissue procedures. Qualitative feedback attributed disagreement to patient-safety considerations, procedural complexity, and differing views on the boundary between residency and fellowship-level competence. Conclusions: This national Delphi study establishes the first consensus-based definition of minimum expected competencies for orthopaedic surgery residency training in Chile. The resulting framework provides a shared reference aligned with international competency-based principles while remaining responsive to local training contexts, and is intended to inform educational development and accreditation discussions in similar training settings rather than mandate a uniform training model.
KW - Competency-based Medical Education
KW - Core Competencies
KW - Curricula
KW - Delphi Methodology
KW - Orthopaedic Surgery Training
KW - Postgraduate Medical Education
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105030548151
U2 - 10.1007/s00264-026-06753-y
DO - 10.1007/s00264-026-06753-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 41714458
AN - SCOPUS:105030548151
SN - 0341-2695
VL - 50
SP - 561
EP - 573
JO - International Orthopaedics
JF - International Orthopaedics
IS - 3
ER -